LESSON 104
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Short forms(I'm/you've/didn't etc.)
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A: В разговорном английском мы обычно используем
I'm/you've/didn't etc. вместо I am/you have/did not etc.
Мы также используем короткую форму записи в неофициальном
письменном английском (например, письмо другу).
В короткой форме записи мы заменяем недостающие буквы
апострофом ( ' ):
I'm= I am you've= you have didn't= did not
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B: Сокращенная форма записи вспомогательных глаголов.
'm = am I'm
's = is или has he's she's it's
're = are you're we're they're
've = have I've you've we've they've
'll = will I'll he'll she'll you'll we'll they'll
'd = would или had I'd he'd she'd you'd we'd they'd
's может быть is или has:
* She's ill. (= She is ill.) - Она больна.
* She's gone away. (= She has gone away.) - Она ушла.
но let's= let us:
* Let's go now. (= Let us go) - Пошли!
'd может быть would или had:
* I'd see a doctor if I were you. (= I would see)
На твоем месте я сходил бы к доктору.
* I'd never seen her before.(= I had never seen)
Я никогда ее раньше не видел.
Мы используем короткую форму записи (особенно 's) после вопросительных слов
who/what etc., и после that/there/here:
who's what's where's how's that's
there's here's who'll there'll who'd
* Who's that woman over there? (= who is)
Кто вон та женщина?
* What's happened? (= what has)
Что случилось?
* Do you think there'll be many people at the party? (= there will)
Ты думаешь, будет много народа на вечеринке?
Мы можем использовать короткую форму записи (особенно 's) с существительными:
* John's going out tonight. (= John is)
Джон выйдет из дома вечером.
* My friend's just got married.(= My friend has)
Мой друг только что женился.
Короткая форма не используется в конце предложения:
* "Are you tired?" "Yes, I am." (not "Yes,I'm.")
“Ты устал?” “Да.”
* Do you know where she is? (not "Do you know where she's ?")
Ты знаешь где она?
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C: Отрицательная сокращенная форма.
isn't (= is not) haven't (= have not)
shan't (= shall not) aren't (= are not)
hasn't (= has not) shouldn't (= should not)
wasn't (= was not) hadn't (= had not)
mightn't (= might not) weren't (= were not)
can't (= cannot) mustn't (= must not)
don't (= do not) couldn't (= could not)
needn't (= need not) doesn't (= does not)
won't (= will not) daren't (= dare not)
didn't (= did not) wouldn't (= would not)
Отрицательная короткая форма is и are может быть:
he isn't / she isn't / it isn't или he's not / she's not / it's not
you aren't / we aren't / they aren't или you're not / we're not / they're not
* She's not very keen on him. Он ей не очень-то нравится.
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